Land section

Overview

Land Land

The land surface of the Earth has a certain range of areas, including all attributes of the biosphere perpendicular to it. It is a material system formed by the interaction of near surface climate, topography, surface geology, hydrology, soil, flora and fauna, as well as the results of past and present human activities.

Land sustainability

The measurement of whether a given land use system can maintain an acceptable level of productivity or service at the actual investment level without causing sustained damage to the environment.

Land use classification (GB/T21010-2007)

The classification of land types based on its intended use or utilization.

Farmland

Land used for agricultural production, including cultivated land, gardens, forests, grasslands, and other land serving agricultural production.

Built up and associated land for construction purposes

Land used for constructing buildings and structures, including mining areas and waste disposal sites.

Unused land

Currently unused land, including land that is difficult to utilize.

Cultivated land; cropland

Refers to the land where crops are grown, including cultivated land, newly developed, reclaimed, and organized land, and recreational land (including rotation land and crop rotation land); Land mainly used for planting crops (including vegetables), with scattered fruit trees, mulberry trees or other trees in between; On average, one season of reclaimed land and tidal flats can be guaranteed to be harvested each year. The cultivated land includes fixed ditches, channels, roads, and ridges with a width of less than 1.0 meter in the south and less than 2.0 meters in the north; Temporary cultivation of medicinal herbs, grass, flowers, seedlings, and other cultivated land that has been temporarily repurposed. Including paddy fields, irrigated land, and dry land.

Orchard and perennial plantings

Refers to the intensive cultivation of perennial woody and herbaceous crops that mainly collect fruits, leaves, roots, stems, juices, etc., covering land with a coverage of more than 50% or a reasonable number of plants per acre of more than 70%, including land used for seedling cultivation. Including orchards, tea gardens, and other gardens.

Forest land

Refers to land where trees, bamboo, and shrubs grow, as well as land where mangrove forests grow along the coast. Including abandoned land, excluding green forest land within residential areas, forest within the scope of railway and highway land acquisition, as well as embankment forests for rivers and ditches. Including forest land, shrubland, and other forest land.

Grassland

Refers to land dominated by herbaceous plants. Including natural grasslands, artificial grasslands, and other grasslands.

Commercial use location

Land primarily used for commercial and service industries. Including wholesale and retail land, accommodation and catering land, business and financial land, and other commercial and service land.

Industrial and mining storage land

Land primarily used for industrial production and storage of materials. Including industrial land, mining land, and warehousing land.

Residential land

Land primarily used for residential housing and its ancillary facilities. Including urban residential land and rural homestead land. Urban residential land refers to various types of housing land and its ancillary facilities used for living in urban areas. Including land for ordinary residential, apartment, villa and other purposes.

Villas, high-end apartments

It refers to villas and apartments with a unit building area cost more than twice the average cost of commercial residential properties in the same area in the local area, or real estate investment projects approved as villas or high-end residential properties by the approval unit with the authority to approve real estate investment plans.

Ordinary commercial housing

It refers to houses developed, constructed, sold, and rented by real estate development enterprises.

Economically affordable housing

It refers to residential buildings constructed according to the national affordable housing construction plan. The plan is issued uniformly by the state, and land is generally allocated through administrative means. Land transfer fees are exempted, and various approved fees are levied at half the price. The selling price is determined according to the principle of capital preservation and low profit.

Public management and public service land

Land used for government agencies, news publishing, science, education, culture, health, scenic spots, public facilities, etc. Including land for government agencies, organizations, news and publishing, science and education, medical and health charity, cultural and entertainment, public facilities, parks and green spaces, and scenic facilities.

Special land use

Land used for military facilities, foreign affairs, religion, supervision, funerals, etc. Including military facility land, embassy and consulate land, monitoring site land, religious land, and funeral land.

Transportation land

Land used for ground transportation routes, stations, etc. Including civil airports, ports, docks, ground transportation pipelines, and various types of road land. Including railway land, highway land, street and alley land, rural roads, airport land, port and dock land, and pipeline transportation land.

Land for water bodies and water conservancy facilities

Refers to land, water bodies, tidal flats, ditches, hydraulic structures, and other land use. It does not include cultivated land, garden land, forest land, residential areas, roads, etc. in flood detention areas and reclaimed mudflat. Including river surface, lake surface, reservoir surface, pond surface, coastal mudflat, inland mudflat, ditch, hydraulic construction land, glacier and permanent snow. Other land refers to other types of land outside of the above-mentioned land categories. Including idle land, facility agricultural land, field ridges, saline alkali land, swamps, sandy land, and bare land.

Idle land

Refers to unused land within towns, villages, and industrial and mining areas.

Facility agricultural land

Refers to the land directly used for commercial breeding of livestock and poultry houses, industrial crop cultivation or aquaculture production facilities, and their corresponding ancillary land, as well as agricultural facilities such as drying fields outside of rural homesteads. ##Cadastral management

Land rights

It refers to the right of the right holder to directly control the land in accordance with the provisions of the law. The direct control of land by the rights holder is reflected in the four powers of land rights: possession, use, benefit, and disposal.

Disputes over Land Ownership

It refers to disputes arising from the ownership and use rights of land.

Land infringement disputes

It refers to disputes arising from the infringement of land rights obtained by others in accordance with the law.

Land parcel

It refers to land parcels or spaces with closed land ownership boundaries.

Land General Registration

It refers to the comprehensive registration of all land within the jurisdiction or specific areas within a certain period of time.

Initial registration

It refers to the registration of land rights established outside of the general land registration.

Change registration

It refers to registration made due to changes in the land rights holder, or changes in the name, address, and land use of the land rights holder.

Cancel registration

It refers to registration carried out due to the extinction of land rights, etc.

Other registrations

Including correction registration, objection registration, advance notice registration, and seizure registration.

System for Land Registration Personnel to Work with Certificates

Personnel engaged in land ownership review and registration review shall obtain a land registration certificate issued by the competent department of land and resources administration of the State Council.

Public inquiry system for land registration information

Land rights holders and interested parties may apply to inquire about land registration information, and the competent department of land and resources administration shall provide it.

Land registration agency system

It refers to the system of qualification (quality) certification and supervision and management implemented by the state for personnel and institutions entrusted by land registration applicants to act as agents for land registration applications, provide on-site demarcation, write land registration application documents, and offer land registration consultation.

Land surveying and demarcation (referred to as surveying and demarcation)

It is a technical service work carried out based on the needs of land expropriation, requisition, allocation, transfer, conversion of agricultural land, land use planning, and land development, consolidation, and reclamation. It involves defining the scope of land use, determining the location of boundary sites, surveying the current status of land use, calculating the land area, and providing scientific and accurate basic data for land use approval and cadastral management by the competent administrative department of land and resources.

Cadastral survey

It refers to a technical work that, in accordance with national regulations, clarifies the ownership, boundary lines, area, purpose, and location of a parcel of land through ownership investigation and cadastral surveying, and forms survey materials such as data, maps, and tables, providing a basis for land registration and certificate issuance.

Survey of Land Use Status

It refers to a survey conducted by investigating the area, distribution, and utilization status of various land use types within a certain administrative or natural region (or watershed), and summarizing them from bottom to top and level by level into the total land area and land use classification area at the provincial and national levels.

Investigation of Reserve Resources of Cultivated Land

Land survey aimed at identifying unused and abandoned land suitable for planting crops

Annual Land Change Survey

It is a survey conducted on the annual changes in the content of land registration and land statistics (i.e. land type, land ownership, area, etc.) based on the results of land use status investigation and the initial cadastral results established on this basis, using certain survey methods to update daily cadastral results and meet the needs of changing land registration and annual land statistics.

Land Statistics

It refers to the systematic investigation, organization, analysis, and prediction of the quantity, distribution, ownership, utilization status, and dynamic changes of land using data and maps.

Dynamic monitoring of land use

It refers to the comprehensive and systematic reflection and analysis of the dynamic changes in land use using remote sensing, land survey and other technological means, based on data and maps from land use surveys, to grasp their changing trends. ##Land Planning and Planning

National Land Planning

Starting from the perspective of rational development, utilization, governance, and protection of national or regional land resources, and focusing on the overall goals and tasks of the country or region in a certain period of time, the overall deployment of land resources development and economic construction is made, and major tasks and requirements for land consolidation are proposed to coordinate the relationship between population, resources, and environment, in order to achieve good social, economic, and ecological benefits.

Overall Land Use Planning

The overall arrangement and layout of land development, utilization, governance, and protection in a certain region, based on the requirements of sustainable national socio-economic development and local natural, economic, and social conditions, is the basis for the country to implement land use control in terms of space and time. The overall land use plan divides land into agricultural land, construction land, and unused land.

Announcement System for Overall Land Use Planning

After the approval of the overall land use plan, it should be announced to the landowners and users for compliance and implementation. At the same time, it is conducive to public supervision, increases the transparency of land use planning and law enforcement, and truly implements land use control. The approval of the overall land use plan is a procedural regulation in which the people's governments at all levels, based on their management functions and authorities, submit applications to the State Council or provincial (regional, municipal) people's governments for review and approval of the completed overall land plans, special plans, etc. The overall land use planning is subject to hierarchical approval. The overall land use planning of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government shall be submitted to the State Council for approval; The overall land use plan of cities where the provincial or autonomous region people's government is located, cities with a population of over one million, and cities designated by the State Council shall be submitted to the State Council for approval after being reviewed and approved by the provincial or autonomous region people's government. The overall plan for land use other than those mentioned above shall be submitted to the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval at all levels; Among them, the overall land use planning of townships (towns) can be approved by the people's governments of prefecture level cities and autonomous prefectures authorized by the provincial people's governments. Once the overall land use plan is approved, it must be strictly implemented.

Revision (adjustment) of overall land use planning

The modification of the overall land use plan refers to the act of adjusting the indicators and land use layout determined in the approved overall land use plan due to the occurrence of certain force majeure or unforeseeable factors, as well as other reasons, within the period of the overall land use plan, which cannot meet the requirements of social and economic development.

The relationship between overall land use planning and urban planning

The tasks of land use planning and urban planning are different. The overall land use planning is the planning of the entire region, while urban planning is a comprehensive planning of urban construction, and the city is only a part of the region. In terms of land use, urban overall planning and land use overall planning have a relationship between local and overall, point and surface. The overall urban planning should be linked with the overall land use planning, and the overall urban planning shall not exceed the construction land scale determined by the overall land use planning.

Revision of overall land use planning

Through the implementation of the previous round of overall land use planning, the goals set in the plan have been basically achieved. In order to achieve optimal allocation and sustainable use of land resources, based on the needs of social and economic development and natural conditions of the land, the structure and layout of future land use in a certain area have been rearranged, and corresponding measures have been formulated.

Special Plan for Land Development

Land development and consolidation planning is based on the use of existing data and supplementary investigations, analyzing the potential of land consolidation, reclamation and development, determining the goals and tasks of land consolidation, reclamation and development, delineating land development and consolidation areas, determining the direction and focus of land development and consolidation in each area, determining the location, scope and scale of land development and consolidation projects, calculating the investment and comprehensive benefits of land consolidation, reclamation and development, and proposing comprehensive measures for implementing the plan. Including land development, land consolidation, and land reclamation.

Review of Urban Master Plan

The review of the overall urban planning is mainly aimed at reasonably determining the population and construction land scale of the overall urban planning, and reviewing the population and land scale of the prepared city.

Land use plan

An annual or medium-term plan formulated based on the overall land use plan, annual or medium-term national economic and social development plan, and annual land supply and demand forecast to regulate land use.

Basis for Compilation of Annual Land Use Plan

The annual land use plan includes plans for new construction land and plans for land development and consolidation. The newly added construction land plan indicators are determined based on factors such as the national economic and social development plan, national macroeconomic regulation requirements, overall land use planning, national construction site policies, and the actual situation of land use; The indicators for land development and consolidation plan are determined based on the overall land use plan, land development and consolidation plan, construction occupation of arable land, and achievement of the goal of arable land retention.

Linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land

Linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land refers to the land consolidation work that combines several rural construction land plots (i.e. demolition plots) that are intended to be reclaimed as arable land and those intended for urban construction (i.e. construction plots) into a construction demolition project area based on the overall land use plan. Through construction demolition and land reclamation, the total amount of construction land in the project area is not increased, the area and quality of arable land are not reduced, and the land layout is more reasonable.

Preliminary review of land use for construction projects

In the feasibility study stage of construction projects, the relevant government land administrative departments shall review the matters related to land use in the construction project in accordance with the law, and provide opinions on whether to provide and supply land conditions. Pre examination of construction project land is an important measure for implementing the overall land use planning. ##Protection of arable land

System of dynamic balance of total arable land

Article 33 of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall strictly implement the overall land use plan and annual land use plan, take measures to ensure that the total amount of cultivated land in their administrative regions does not decrease." The dynamic balance system of total cultivated land refers to strictly implementing the overall land use plan, taking effective measures to ensure that the total amount (quantity and quality) of cultivated land in the planned area and during the planning period is not less than the planned cultivated land retention quota, so that the production capacity of total cultivated land can meet the expected population growth and social development demand for food.

Land use control system

The sum of a series of regulations and rules imposed by the government on the land use activities of land rights holders to ensure the rational use of land.

Compensation system for occupying arable land

Article 31 of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "The state implements a system of compensation for the occupation of arable land." The system of compensation for the occupation of arable land, also known as the system of balancing the occupation and compensation of arable land, specifically means that for non-agricultural construction that has been approved to occupy arable land, the occupier shall be responsible for cultivating arable land that is equivalent in quantity and quality to the occupied arable land in accordance with the principle of "reclaiming as much as occupied". If there are no conditions for cultivation or the cultivated land does not meet the requirements, the cultivated land cultivation fee shall be paid in accordance with the regulations of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central government, and the special fund shall be used for the cultivation of new cultivated land.

Land consolidation, reclamation and development system

Cherishing and utilizing land rationally and effectively protecting arable land are the basic national policies of our country. Realizing the target of arable land retention is an important task entrusted to us by the Land Management Law. To implement the basic national policy and ensure the achievement of the target of arable land retention, it is necessary to increase the effective arable land area, optimize the land use structure, and improve the land utilization rate and output rate through land consolidation, reclamation and development. There are three types of methods according to their content: land consolidation, land reclamation, and land development.

Land consolidation; land assembly

Article 41 of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the state encourages land consolidation. County and township (town) people's governments shall organize rural collective economic organizations to comprehensively improve fields, water, roads, forests, and villages in accordance with the overall land use plan, improve the quality of arable land, increase the effective arable land area, and improve agricultural production conditions and ecological environment." "Local governments at all levels shall take measures to transform medium and low yield fields, rectify idle land and abandoned land." Land consolidation refers to the comprehensive consolidation of farmland, water bodies, roads, farmland protective forest nets, and residential areas in a certain area in accordance with the requirements of the overall land use plan and the special plan for land development and consolidation, adjust land relations, improve land use structure, and The behavior of increasing production conditions, increasing effective arable land area, improving land use efficiency and output rate.

Land rehabilitation; land reclamation

Article 42 of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "land use units and individuals shall be responsible for land reclamation in accordance with relevant national regulations due to land damage caused by excavation, collapse, occupation, etc. If there are no conditions for reclamation or the reclamation does not meet the requirements, land reclamation fees shall be paid and used specifically for land reclamation. The reclaimed land shall be given priority for agriculture." The State Council's "Regulations on Land Reclamation" stipulate that "land reclamation refers to the activity of taking remediation measures to restore the land damaged by excavation, collapse, occupation, etc. during the production and construction process to a usable state

Land Development

Article 38 of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the state encourages units and individuals to develop unused land in accordance with the overall land use plan, on the premise of protecting and improving the ecological environment, preventing soil erosion and land desertification; if it is suitable for development as agricultural land, priority should be given to developing it as agricultural land." Land development refers to the act of transforming unused land, including barren mountains, wastelands, wastelands, etc., into usable land through labor, technology, and financial investment, using engineering or biological measures. Urban land consolidation refers to the consolidation of land within urban areas, including the rearrangement of land use, adjustment of boundaries, and improvement of public facilities and environment in areas with old and dense houses, congested traffic, outdated infrastructure, and unsuitable economic use according to the needs of urban development, in order to make them suitable for economic use.

Rural settlement consolidation for rural land consolidation

Land consolidation within rural residential areas, including the reconfiguration of various village land, adjustment of land boundaries, as well as residential renewal, public facility construction, and environmental improvement.

Farmland consolidation and consolidation

Land consolidation of agricultural land includes merging scattered plots, adjusting the structure and boundaries of agricultural land, constructing agricultural infrastructure, and improving land.

Basic farmland protection system

Article 34 of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "the state implements a system for protecting basic farmland." The basic farmland protection system is a general term for a series of norms related to the protection of basic farmland in national land management laws, regulations, rules, and policies. These norms adjust the behavior of protecting basic farmland from different aspects, collectively forming various systems for basic farmland protection, such as the responsibility system for basic farmland protection, the use control system for basic farmland protection areas, the approval system and compensation balance system for occupying basic farmland, the quality and environmental protection system for basic farmland, and the supervision and inspection system for basic farmland protection.

Primary cultivated land; prime cropland

Basic farmland refers to cultivated land that is determined based on the overall land use plan and cannot be occupied according to the demand for agricultural products by the population and socio-economic development during a certain period of time. Basic farmland is a part of arable land, mainly the high-yield and high-quality part of arable land. Generally speaking, the cultivated land included in the basic farmland protection zone is basic farmland.

Primary Cropland Preservation Area

Basic farmland protection zone refers to a special protection area determined in accordance with the overall land use plan and legal procedures for the special protection of basic farmland. Generally speaking, a basic farmland protection area is a regional concept, which may include a small amount of construction land, abandoned land, and unused land in addition to basic farmland.

Basic farmland protection rate

The basic farmland protection rate refers to the ratio of basic farmland designated by local governments to the total cultivated land area within their administrative region. Article 9 of the Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland stipulates that "the basic farmland designated by provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall account for more than 80% of the total cultivated land area within their administrative regions, and the specific quantity indicators shall be decomposed and issued step by step according to the overall national land use plan

Prohibited behaviors in basic farmland protection areas (five prohibitions)

Strictly implement the basic farmland protection system. Firstly, non-agricultural construction is not allowed to occupy basic farmland except for national key construction projects as stipulated by law; Secondly, it is not allowed to include basic farmland with good cultivation conditions in plain (flat dam) areas in the scope of returning farmland under the pretext of returning farmland to forests, and to arbitrarily reduce the area of basic farmland in violation of the overall land use plan; Thirdly, it is not allowed to occupy basic farmland for afforestation and the development of forestry and fruit industry; Fourthly, it is not allowed to dig ponds to raise fish or engage in livestock and poultry breeding in basic farmland under the pretext of agricultural structural adjustment, as well as other production and operation activities that seriously damage the cultivated layer; Fifth, it is not allowed to occupy basic farmland for the construction of green channels and green isolation belts.

Construction land

The State Council has the authority to approve the conversion of agricultural land, land acquisition, and land supply

1. Road, pipeline engineering, and large-scale infrastructure construction projects approved by the provincial government, as well as construction projects approved by the State Council and its departments that occupy land and involve the conversion of agricultural land to construction land, shall be approved for conversion by the State Council. If collective land needs to be requisitioned as state-owned land, it shall be submitted for approval together; 2. Expropriate basic farmland. Expropriating more than 35 hectares (525 acres) of arable land other than basic farmland; Land expropriation exceeding 70 hectares (1050 acres) shall be approved by the State Council; 3. The conversion of agricultural land and land acquisition within the urban construction land scale determined by the overall urban land use plan in Shijiazhuang, Handan, Baoding, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou shall be submitted to the State Council for approval; 4. If a construction project uses state-owned unused land outside the scope of urban construction land determined by the overall land use plan, as well as land for national key construction projects, military facilities, cross provincial, autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government construction projects, and other construction projects stipulated by the State Council, it shall be submitted to the State Council for approval.
2. Except for the agricultural land conversion and land acquisition projects approved by the State Council, other agricultural land conversion and land acquisition projects shall be approved by the provincial government; 2. If a construction project uses state-owned unused land outside the urban construction land scope determined by the overall land use plan, the land supply plan shall be approved by the provincial people's government, except for those that should be approved by the State Council in accordance with the law.

Approval authority of district and municipal governments

The conversion of collective agricultural land and collective unused land into collective construction land within the scope of village construction land determined by the overall land use plan, and the conversion of state-owned unused land into state-owned construction land within the scope of urban construction land determined by the overall land use plan, shall be approved by the municipal government of the district.

Batch construction land approval

Within the scope of urban, village, and town construction land determined by the overall land use plan, if agricultural land is converted into construction land for the implementation of the plan, it shall be approved by the original approving authority of the overall land use plan in batches according to the annual land use plan, which is called batch approval for construction land (referred to as batch approval). Batch approval does not include specific projects, only approving the conversion of agricultural land and land acquisition. Specific construction projects are supplied by the city and county governments in accordance with industrial policies, land supply policies, and land quotas in accordance with the law.

Approval of construction land for individual site selection projects

The approval of land outside the urban construction land scope determined by the overall land use plan for energy, transportation, water conservancy, mining, military facilities and other construction projects is called separate site selection project construction land approval (referred to as project approval). According to project approval, specific construction projects are not only approved for the conversion of agricultural land and land acquisition, but also for land supply (agreement transfer or allocation) The advance use of land for individual projects with controlled construction period is aimed at the actual situation of infrastructure and other construction projects with high construction difficulty, tight construction period, involving multiple cities and counties, large land use, and long approval time. In order to ensure the project schedule, for individual projects with controlled construction period, it is necessary to obtain approval for early use of land in accordance with regulations before handling the land approval procedures. The construction project that approves the advance use of land for individual projects must complete the formal land use approval procedures as soon as possible within the national prescribed time limit (within six months).

Land acquisition area price

The so-called land acquisition area price is calculated based on the consistency and regional differences within the area, dividing each county (city, district) into several areas, and calculating the land acquisition compensation standards for each area based on factors such as land location, land grade, land type, land supply and demand relationship, and existing land acquisition compensation standards. The implementation of land acquisition area pricing will change the current method of calculating land compensation fees and resettlement subsidies by multiplying the average annual output value of cultivated land in the township where the land is acquired by several multiples. Instead, land compensation fees will be calculated by multiplying the land acquisition area pricing by the area of the acquired land.

Implement a unified land acquisition system

The expropriation of collectively owned land by the state shall be uniformly implemented by the city and county (city) governments, and no land expropriation agreement shall be signed between state-owned land users and the expropriated persons. State owned land users shall not directly pay land expropriation compensation fees to the expropriated persons. The land acquisition notification system is divided into two stages. The first step is to inform the collective and farmers who plan to be expropriated of the location of the land, compensation standards, and resettlement methods before the land acquisition approval. The collective and farmers who plan to be expropriated have the right to apply for a hearing; After the second stage of land acquisition is approved in accordance with the law, the local government shall fulfill the land acquisition announcement and inform the collective and farmers affected by the land acquisition of the approval authority, approval number, area, land type, compensation standards, and resettlement channels.

Land use

Land use structure; land-use composition

Generally refers to the proportional relationship in quantity between various land use types and/or land cover within a certain area, expressed as the proportion of various land use types and/or land cover to the total land area of the area.

Land use ratio; proportion of used land

The proportion of utilized land within a certain area to the total land area.

Land classification and grading

A land evaluation system that comprehensively identifies the natural and economic attributes of land units for a given land use, and divides them into comparable quality levels within a certain area based on their production capacity or economic benefits.

Land price

The land price is actually a reflection of the economic value of land, which is the cost paid for the right to purchase and obtain the expected benefits of land, that is, the capitalization of land rent.

Urban land classification

It is a comprehensive analysis of various factors such as economy, society, and nature that affect the quality of urban land, revealing the regional differences in land quality within cities, and using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to classify and rank cities, evaluate urban land, etc.

Urban land classification

It is a comprehensive analysis of the use value of urban land based on its economic and natural attributes, as well as its position and role in socio-economic activities. It reveals the regional differences in land quality within urban areas and evaluates the level of urban land. The urban benchmark land price refers to the average price of land use rights in different levels or homogeneous areas within the urban planning area, evaluated and determined based on commercial, residential, industrial and other purposes under the current utilization conditions, on a certain valuation period date.

Agricultural land, etc

Nationwide, according to the standard farming system, the comprehensive evaluation of agricultural land quality is conducted based on prescribed methods and procedures under natural quality conditions, average land use conditions, and average land economic conditions, and the classification of agricultural land is determined. The agricultural land level is determined within the administrative region based on the natural attributes, socio-economic conditions, and location conditions that constitute the quality of the land. It is determined in accordance with local land management and actual needs, following the principle of consistency with the requirements of the commissioning party, that is, based on a certain purpose of agricultural land classification, and through comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of agricultural land quality using prescribed methods and procedures.

Benchmark land price for agricultural land

It refers to the average price of a certain valuation period determined by the county (city) government based on different levels or homogeneous areas of agricultural land, according to different utilization types, and evaluated separately.

Land price index

Refers to the use of certain statistical methods to convert the land price level of a specific area for a certain period of time into a percentage index relative to the land price level on a reference date.

Benchmark land price update

The update of benchmark land price is based on land classification or homogeneous area division, and uses land revenue, market transaction sample land price, and land price index to re determine the average price of land use rights for a certain type of land under the current use conditions on a certain valuation period date.

Calibrated land price

The government evaluates the land use right price of a certain plot of land under normal land market conditions on a certain valuation period date based on management needs. It is the standard guide price for this type of land in the area.

Land transfer reserve price

It is the lowest price that the government can accept for the proposed land transfer based on the land transfer period, purpose, real estate market conditions, industrial policies, etc.

Minimum price for land transfer

It refers to the minimum control standards that must be implemented when determining the land use right transfer price formulated by the national and provincial governments.

Land exchange

It refers to the conversion of construction land that does not conform to the direction of land conservation and intensive use into arable land, or the conversion of approved converted or expropriated construction land due to urban planning adjustments.

Land reserve

It refers to the behavior of the land and resources management departments of the city and county people's governments to obtain land in accordance with the law, carry out preliminary development and storage for the purpose of regulating the land market and promoting the rational use of land resources.

Paid use of state-owned land

The compensated use of state-owned land refers to the act of the state providing a certain period of land use rights to units and individuals for use, and land users paying land use fees to the state in accordance with regulations. According to the Land Management Law, the state implements a system of compensated use of state-owned land in accordance with the law. However, except for the allocation of state-owned land use rights by the state within the scope of legal provisions, there are mainly three ways of compensated use: 1. The transfer of state-owned land use rights; 2. State owned land leasing; 3. State owned land use rights are valued as capital or invested as shares. The agreement transfer of state-owned land use rights refers to the act of the municipal or county land and resources management department transferring the state-owned land use rights to the land user through an agreement within a certain period of time, and the land user paying the land use right transfer fee. The bidding and transfer of state-owned land use rights refers to the act of inviting specific or unspecified citizens, legal persons, and other organizations to participate in the bidding of state-owned land use rights by the land administrative department (transferor) of the city or county people's government, and determining the land users based on the bidding results.

Auction and transfer of state-owned land use rights

It refers to the issuance of auction notices by individuals, where bidders bid at designated times and locations to determine the behavior of land users based on the bidding results.

Listing and transfer of state-owned land use rights

It refers to the issuance of a listing announcement, in which the trading conditions of the proposed land parcel are listed and announced at a designated land trading venue within the prescribed period. Bidders' bidding applications are accepted and the listing price is updated. The behavior of land users is determined based on the bidding results at the end of the listing period or on-site bidding results.

State owned land leasing

State owned land leasing refers to the act of leasing state-owned land to users, who sign a land leasing contract with the land and resources administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level for a certain period of time and pay rent.

Valuation and contribution of state-owned land use rights (equity)

It refers to the act of the state valuing state-owned land use rights for a certain period of time and investing them as capital in a limited liability company or joint stock company, and converting the corresponding state-owned land use rights into state capital or share capital for the enterprise.

Allocation of State owned Land Use Rights

The allocation of state-owned land use rights refers to the act of the people's government at or above the county level approving the use of the land after the land user pays compensation, resettlement and other fees, or delivering the land use rights to the land user for free.

Authorized operation of state-owned land

It refers to the authorization granted by the state to state-owned land use rights established with the approval of the State Council, state-owned sole proprietorship companies and group companies as authorized investment institutions for a certain period of time based on needs. The authorized state-owned holding companies, state-owned sole proprietorship companies and group companies as authorized investment institutions can allocate land to their directly affiliated enterprises, holding enterprises and participating enterprises in the form of investment (shares) or leasing based on the authorization letter.

State owned Construction Land Transfer Contract

It refers to a written agreement signed by the land management department of the city or county people's government as the transferor and transferee (land user) in accordance with the principles of equality, voluntariness, and compensation, regarding the scope, area, term, purpose, delivery, payment of land use right transfer fees, land development, construction, and utilization, transfer, lease, mortgage, expiration of land use right period, force majeure, breach of contract liability, and other issues of the transferred land.

Transfer of State owned Land Use Rights

It refers to the act of state-owned land users transferring their land use rights again, including selling, exchanging, and gifting.

Mortgage of state-owned land use rights

It refers to the situation where the debtor or a third party mortgages the land use right to the creditor without transferring ownership of the land use right to guarantee the performance of the debt. If the debtor fails to fulfill the due debt or the parties agree to realize the mortgage right, the creditor has the right to receive priority compensation for the property. If a building is mortgaged, the land use rights within the occupied area of the building shall be mortgaged together. If the land use right is mortgaged, the buildings on the land shall be mortgaged together.

Rural collective construction land

It refers to the general term for the land occupied by construction outside of urban areas, rural areas, and market towns.

Transfer of collective construction land use rights

It refers to the act of transferring, renting, transferring, subleasing, and mortgaging the collective construction land use rights under the premise of unchanged ownership.

Residential land

It refers to the land used by farmers for housing, auxiliary buildings, small courtyards (or courtyards), as well as a small amount of green land in front of and behind houses.

Conditions for applying for homestead land

(1) Rural villagers who need to divide their households due to reasons such as their children getting married and lack homestead land; (2) Foreign residents who settle in this village but do not have homestead land; (3) Those who need to relocate due to natural disasters or the implementation of village and town planning. The scope of unapproved homestead land (1) for those under the age of 18; (2) The original homestead can meet the needs of household division; (3) Selling or renting out housing.

Standard for homestead land

The "Management Measures for Rural Homesteads in Hebei Province" stipulate that: (1) in plain or mountainous counties (cities) where the per capita arable land is less than 1000 square meters, each homestead shall not exceed 200 square meters; (2) In plain or mountainous counties (cities) with per capita arable land of over 1000 square meters, each homestead shall not exceed 233 square meters; (3) In the Bashang area, each homestead shall not exceed 467 square meters. The county (city) people's government may, based on the local actual situation, set specific standards for rural homesteads within the limits specified in the preceding paragraph.

Idle land

It refers to the construction land that the land user, after obtaining the land use right in accordance with the law, fails to start development and construction within the prescribed time limit without the consent of the original approved land use government. Under any of the following circumstances, it can also be recognized as idle land: (1) If the contract for the compensated use of state-owned land or the approval letter for construction land does not specify a start date for development and construction, and the development and construction have not started for one year from the effective date of the contract for the compensated use of state-owned land or the date of approval for construction land by the land administrative department; (2) The development and construction have already started, but the area of development and construction accounts for less than one-third of the total area that should be started, or the investment amount accounts for less than 25% of the total investment amount, and the development and construction have been suspended for one consecutive year without approval; (3) Other circumstances stipulated by laws and administrative regulations. There are two situations for the free recovery of state-owned land use rights: (1) According to Article 37 of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, if non-agricultural construction occupies arable land that has already gone through approval procedures and has not been used for two consecutive years, with the approval of the original approval authority, the land use rights of the land using unit shall be recovered free of charge by the people's government at or above the county level; (2) According to Article 25 of the Real Estate Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, if the land use right is obtained through land transfer for real estate development and the construction has not started for more than two years beyond the agreed construction date in the transfer contract, the land use right can be reclaimed free of charge.

Temporary land use

It refers to the act of temporarily using land required for temporary construction projects and facilities during the process of engineering construction and geological exploration. Conditions for temporary land use: (1) Approval must be obtained and a temporary land use contract must be signed with the landowner and the original user, which includes the scope of use, purpose, compensation standards and methods, use period, and measures for land restoration; (2) Must provide certain compensation to landowners or original land users; (3) No permanent buildings shall be constructed; (4) The usage period is generally 2 years. If it is necessary to exceed 2 years, the usage period may be appropriately extended with the approval of the approving authority.